How investment returns work
Returns compound, so you earn on prior gains as well as contributions. Time is the largest factor: a decade of growth can produce more than the first two decades of saving. Regular contributions add new principal that compounds too.
The hidden cost of fees
Expense ratios compound against you. The difference between 0.03% index funds and a 1% active fund is enormous over decades. Keep total costs below 0.5% and compare the fee impact line above.
Use realistic assumptions
A diversified portfolio has historically returned roughly 7% to 8% nominal. Test the conservative and aggressive scenarios, and remember returns are not smooth: some years are negative.
Estimates for planning only. Actual results depend on your market, lender, and personal circumstances. Confirm important decisions with a qualified professional.